Mastery tracker

Read a wide range of fiction and non-fiction, including whole books and plays, and texts from the English literary heritage

Reading for pleasure and range · suggested Year 7

Understand increasingly challenging texts, making inferences and referring to evidence in the text

Inference and evidence · suggested Year 7

Read critically, knowing how language, including figurative language, vocabulary choice, grammar, text structure and organisational features, presents meaning

Reading non-fiction and sources · suggested Year 8

Compare and contrast the treatment of themes and viewpoints across two or more texts

Comparing viewpoints · suggested Year 8

Study setting, plot and characterisation, and the effects of these on the reader

Literary study · suggested Year 9

Write accurately, fluently, effectively and at length for pleasure and information, including well-structured formal expository and narrative essays

Extended writing · suggested Year 8

Write for a wide range of purposes and audiences, selecting and organising ideas and information appropriately

Persuasive writing · suggested Year 8

Amend the vocabulary, grammar and structure of their writing to improve its coherence and overall effectiveness

Drafting and redrafting · suggested Year 8

Plan, draft, edit and proof-read, considering how their writing reflects the audiences and purposes for which it was intended

The writing process · suggested Year 7

Extend and apply the grammatical knowledge set out in English Appendix 2 to analyse more challenging texts

Grammar in context · suggested Year 7

Study the effectiveness and impact of the grammatical features of the texts they read

Language for effect · suggested Year 8

Draw on new vocabulary and grammatical constructions from their reading and listening, and use these consciously in their writing and speech

Vocabulary building · suggested Year 8

Speak confidently and effectively, using Standard English confidently in a range of formal and informal contexts

Spoken English · suggested Year 7

Give short speeches and presentations, expressing their own ideas and keeping to the point

Presenting an argument · suggested Year 8

Participate in formal debates and structured discussions, summarising and/or building on what has been said

Debate · suggested Year 9

Read a wide range of poetry, including representative Romantic poetry, to develop the habit of reading widely and often

Poetry across time · suggested Year 9

Read and appreciate the depth and power of the English literary heritage through the study of Shakespeare, seminal world literature and poetry since 1789

Literary heritage · suggested Year 9

Recognise a range of poetic conventions and understand how these have been used

Poetic conventions · suggested Year 8

Make an informed personal response, recognising that other responses to a text are possible and evaluating these responses

Personal and critical response · suggested Year 9

Draw on knowledge of the purpose, audience for and context of the writing, including its social, historical and cultural context and the literary tradition to which it belongs

Context and tradition · suggested Year 9

Consciously control levels of formality, including through the use of Standard English, and know when it is appropriate to use

Formality and register · suggested Year 8

Use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures for clarity, purpose and effect, with accurate spelling and punctuation

Accuracy in writing · suggested Year 7

Write formal and academic essays as well as personal and creative writing, summarising and organising material, and supporting ideas and arguments with any necessary factual detail

Formal and academic writing · suggested Year 9

Know and understand the differences between spoken and written language, including differences associated with formal and informal registers, and between Standard English and other varieties of English

Spoken and written language · suggested Year 7

Improvise, rehearse and perform play scripts and poetry in order to generate language and discuss language use and meaning, using role, intonation, tone, volume, mood, silence, stillness and action to add impact

Performance and improvisation · suggested Year 7

Understand and use place value for decimals, measures and integers of any size

Place value and rounding · suggested Year 7

Order positive and negative integers, decimals and fractions; use the number line as a model

Ordering and the number line · suggested Year 7

Use the four operations, including formal written methods, applied to integers, decimals, proper and improper fractions, and mixed numbers

Calculation · suggested Year 7

Use conventional notation for the priority of operations, including brackets, powers, roots and reciprocals

Order of operations · suggested Year 7

Use the concepts and vocabulary of prime numbers, factors, multiples, common factors, common multiples, highest common factor and lowest common multiple

Factors and multiples · suggested Year 7

Use integer powers and associated real roots, recognise powers of 2, 3, 4 and 5, and distinguish between exact representations and truncated or rounded decimals

Powers and roots · suggested Year 8

Interpret and compare numbers in standard form A x 10^n

Standard form · suggested Year 9

Work interchangeably with terminating decimals and their corresponding fractions, and define percentage as 'number of parts per hundred'

Fractions, decimals and percentages · suggested Year 8

Round numbers and measures to an appropriate degree of accuracy and use approximation to check answers

Estimation and accuracy · suggested Year 8

Use and interpret algebraic notation, including coefficients written as fractions and brackets

Algebraic notation · suggested Year 7

Substitute numerical values into formulae and expressions, including scientific formulae

Substitution · suggested Year 7

Simplify and manipulate algebraic expressions by collecting like terms, multiplying a single term over a bracket and factorising into a single bracket

Manipulating expressions · suggested Year 8

Use algebraic methods to solve linear equations in one variable, including all forms that require rearrangement

Solving equations · suggested Year 8

Work with coordinates in all four quadrants and recognise, sketch and produce graphs of linear functions

Straight line graphs · suggested Year 8

Generate terms of a sequence from a term-to-term or a position-to-term rule

Sequences · suggested Year 7

Model situations or procedures by translating them into algebraic expressions or formulae

Algebraic modelling · suggested Year 9

Use ratio notation, including reduction to simplest form

Ratio and proportion · suggested Year 7

Divide a given quantity into two parts in a given part:part or part:whole ratio, and express the division of a quantity into two parts as a ratio

Ratio and proportion · suggested Year 8

Solve problems involving percentage change, including percentage increase and decrease and original value problems

Percentage change · suggested Year 8

Solve problems involving direct and inverse proportion, including graphical and algebraic representations

Direct and inverse proportion · suggested Year 8

Use compound units such as speed, unit pricing and density to solve problems

Rates and compound units · suggested Year 8

Use scale factors, scale diagrams and maps

Scale and maps · suggested Year 8

Derive and apply formulae to calculate and solve problems involving perimeter and area of triangles, parallelograms and trapezia, and volume of cuboids

Area and volume · suggested Year 7

Apply the properties of angles at a point, on a straight line, vertically opposite angles, and angles in parallel lines

Angle reasoning · suggested Year 7

Derive and use the sum of angles in a triangle and use it to deduce the angle sum in any polygon

Polygons and angles · suggested Year 8

Identify and construct congruent triangles, and construct similar shapes by enlargement, with and without coordinate grids

Congruence and similarity · suggested Year 8

Describe, sketch and draw using conventional terms and notations: points, lines, parallel lines, perpendicular lines, right angles, polygons, reflections and rotations

Geometric language and construction · suggested Year 7

Use Pythagoras' theorem to solve problems involving right-angled triangles

Pythagoras · suggested Year 9

Record, describe and analyse the frequency of outcomes of simple probability experiments involving randomness, fairness, equally and unequally likely outcomes

Experimental probability · suggested Year 7

Understand that the probabilities of all possible outcomes sum to 1

Probability of events · suggested Year 8

Enumerate sets and combinations of sets systematically, using tables, grids and Venn diagrams

Listing outcomes · suggested Year 8

Describe, interpret and compare observed distributions of a single variable through appropriate measures of central tendency and spread

Averages and spread · suggested Year 8

Construct and interpret appropriate tables, charts and diagrams, including bar charts, pie charts and pictograms for categorical data, and vertical line charts for ungrouped discrete numerical data

Presenting data · suggested Year 7

Describe simple mathematical relationships between two variables in observational and experimental contexts and illustrate using scatter graphs

Scatter graphs and correlation · suggested Year 9

Ask questions and develop a line of enquiry based on observations of the real world

Scientific enquiry · suggested Year 7

Make predictions using scientific knowledge and understanding

Scientific enquiry · suggested Year 7

Select, plan and carry out the most appropriate types of scientific enquiry to test predictions, including identifying independent, dependent and control variables

Planning an investigation · suggested Year 8

Make and record observations and measurements using a range of methods, and evaluate the reliability of methods

Measurement and reliability · suggested Year 8

Interpret observations and data, including identifying patterns and using observations to draw conclusions

Analysing results · suggested Year 8

Present observations using appropriate methods, including tables and graphs, and communicate ideas using scientific terminology

Communicating science · suggested Year 8

Understand the structure and functions of the human skeletal and muscular systems

Movement and support · suggested Year 7

Understand the structure and functions of the gas exchange system and the effects of exercise, asthma and smoking

Breathing and gas exchange · suggested Year 8

Understand the tissues and organs of the human digestive system, including the role of enzymes and the importance of bacteria in the gut

Digestion and nutrition · suggested Year 8

Understand the content of a healthy human diet and the consequences of imbalances, including obesity, starvation and deficiency diseases

Health and diet · suggested Year 7

Understand reproduction in humans, including the structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems and the menstrual cycle

Reproduction · suggested Year 8

Understand the reactants in, and products of, photosynthesis, and a word summary for photosynthesis

Photosynthesis · suggested Year 8

Understand aerobic and anaerobic respiration in living organisms, including the breakdown of organic molecules to enable all the other chemical processes necessary for life

Respiration · suggested Year 8

Understand the role of leaf stomata in gas exchange in plants and the dependence of almost all life on Earth on the ability of photosynthetic organisms to use sunlight

Plants and energy · suggested Year 8

Understand the interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem, including food webs and insect pollinated crops

Ecosystems and interdependence · suggested Year 8

Understand how organisms affect, and are affected by, their environment, including the accumulation of toxic materials

Human impact on ecosystems · suggested Year 8

Understand heredity as the process by which genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next

Inheritance · suggested Year 9

Understand differences between species and the variation between individuals of the same species

Variation · suggested Year 8

Understand changes in the environment that may leave individuals within a species, and some entire species, less well adapted to compete successfully and reproduce, which in turn may lead to extinction

Adaptation and extinction · suggested Year 8

Understand the properties of the different states of matter in terms of the particle model, including gas pressure

Particles and states · suggested Year 7

Understand changes of state in terms of the particle model, including conservation of mass

Changes of state · suggested Year 7

Understand atoms, elements and compounds, and the use of chemical symbols and formulae

Atoms, elements and compounds · suggested Year 8

Understand the concept of a pure substance and how mixtures can be separated through filtration, distillation and chromatography

Mixtures and separation · suggested Year 8

Understand diffusion in terms of the particle model, and the concepts of solutions, solvents, solutes and solubility

Solutions and diffusion · suggested Year 8

Understand chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms, represented by word and symbol equations

Chemical reactions · suggested Year 8

Understand reactions of acids with alkalis to produce a salt plus water, and use the pH scale for measuring acidity

Acids and alkalis · suggested Year 8

Understand exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions and the reactivity series of metals

Energetics and reactivity · suggested Year 9

Understand the composition of the Earth and its atmosphere, and the rock cycle and the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Earth structure and rocks · suggested Year 7

Understand the carbon cycle and the production of carbon dioxide by human activity and the impact on climate

Carbon cycle and climate · suggested Year 9

Understand energy changes and transfers, including comparing power ratings and energy values of fuels and foods

Energy transfer · suggested Year 8

Understand energy as a quantity that can be quantified and calculated, and the total energy has the same value before and after a change

Conservation of energy · suggested Year 8

Understand fuels and energy resources, including renewable and non-renewable resources

Energy resources · suggested Year 8

Understand the speed of moving objects and the representation of journeys on distance-time graphs

Speed and motion · suggested Year 7

Understand forces as pushes or pulls arising from the interaction between two objects, and balanced and unbalanced forces

Forces · suggested Year 7

Understand pressure in fluids and atmospheric pressure, and pressure on surfaces

Pressure · suggested Year 8

Understand the similarities and differences between light waves and waves in matter, and frequencies of sound waves measured in hertz

Sound and hearing · suggested Year 8

Understand the transmission of light through materials, reflection, refraction and the colours of the light spectrum

Light · suggested Year 8

Understand electric current, measured in amperes, in circuits, series and parallel circuits, and potential difference measured in volts

Electric circuits · suggested Year 8

Understand magnetic fields, including Earth's magnetism, compasses and the magnetic effect of a current

Magnetism · suggested Year 9

Understand gravity force, weight and mass, and the relationship between them on Earth and other bodies

Gravity and weight · suggested Year 8

Understand the seasons and the Earth's tilt, day length at different times of year, and the light year as a unit of astronomical distance

Space physics · suggested Year 9

Understand the development of Church, state and society in Medieval Britain 1066-1509

Medieval Britain · suggested Year 7

Understand the development of Church, state and society in Britain 1509-1745, including the English Reformation and its impact

The Tudors · suggested Year 8

Understand the changing role of the monarchy and the causes and consequences of the English Civil Wars

Crown and Parliament · suggested Year 8

Understand ideas, political power, industry and empire in Britain 1745-1901, including the Industrial Revolution and its impact on society

Industrial Britain · suggested Year 8

Understand Britain's transatlantic slave trade, its effects and its eventual abolition

Empire and abolition · suggested Year 8

Understand challenges for Britain, Europe and the wider world 1901 to the present day, including the First and Second World Wars and the Holocaust

The twentieth century · suggested Year 9

Understand social, cultural and technological change in post-war British society

Post-war Britain · suggested Year 9

Understand a study of an aspect or theme in British history that consolidates and extends pupils' chronological knowledge beyond 1066

Thematic study · suggested Year 8

Understand a significant society or issue in world history and its interconnections with other world developments

World study · suggested Year 9

Understand historical concepts such as continuity and change, cause and consequence, similarity, difference and significance

Historical concepts · suggested Year 7

Understand the methods of historical enquiry, including how evidence is used rigorously to make historical claims

Working with evidence · suggested Year 8

Discern how and why contrasting arguments and interpretations of the past have been constructed

Interpretations · suggested Year 9

Understand the development of the Church, state and society in Britain 1509-1745, including the theory and practice of monarchy and the origins and progress of the English Reformation

Monarchy and religion · suggested Year 8

Understand the impact through time of the Norman Conquest on society and the establishment of feudal government

The Norman Conquest · suggested Year 7

Understand how the emergence and growth of Parliament shaped political power in Britain

The growth of Parliament · suggested Year 8

Understand the changing nature of the United Kingdom's relationships with the rest of Europe and the wider world in the twentieth century

Britain and the world · suggested Year 9

Understand Britain's transatlantic slave trade, its effects and its eventual abolition, in the context of empire

Empire and abolition revisited · suggested Year 8

Understand at least one study of a significant society or issue in world history and its interconnections with other world developments

A world study · suggested Year 9

Understand a study of a non-European society that provides historical contrasts with British history

A non-European society · suggested Year 9

Understand the challenges for Britain, Europe and the wider world, including the Holocaust and the role of ideology, and how these are represented and interpreted

Interpreting the twentieth century · suggested Year 9